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Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century on the 16th of September in 1810. Mexico is a federal republic, with Mexico City (Distrito Federal) as its capital. The country is divided into 31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district (distrito federal).
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Mexico is located in middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US. It has a total area of 1,972,550 sq km, which is slightly less than three times the size of Texas.
The climate varies from tropical to desert, and the country is home to high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high plateaus, and deserts. Natural resources include petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, and timber.
The population is 103,400,165, and consist of ethnic groups such as mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, and other 1%. The religions found in the country are Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, and other 5%. And the languages are Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages.
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